TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA

by Barbara Smela, Roland Soong & Risa Becker

Table of Contents
(Chapter/section headings, table/chart titles, page numbers)

About Audits & Surveys Worldwide and Los Medios y Mercados de Latinoamérica ...  17

Introduction ... 19

~~~~~~~~~~ Telephony ~~~~~~~~~~

Telecommunications by Country

Telephone Regulatory Status by Country ... 28

Total Latin American Telephone Service

Number of Latin American Households with Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 29
Percentage of Latin American Households with Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 29
Percentage of Latin American Households with Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 30
Percentage of Latin American Households with Telephone Service, by Country (1994-1998) ... 30

Wired Telephone Service

Sample Prices for Wired Telephone Installation ... 33
Number of Latin American Households with Wired Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 33
Percentage of Latin American Households with Wired Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 34
Household Wired Telephone Lines per 100 Latin Americans (1994-1998) ... 35
Household Wired Telephone Lines per 100 Latin Americans (1994-1998) ... 36

Wired Telephone Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 38
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 39
Education – Head of Household ... 39
Occupation – Head of Household ... 40
Products Owned by Households with Wired Telephone Service ... 41
Mean and Median Annual Household Income for Households with Wired Telephone vs. Total Study Population (1998)  ...  43
Annual Household Income ... 43
Index for Wired Telephone Households vs. Total Survey Population (1994-1998) ... 44
Within SES Category, Percentage of Households with Wired Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 45
Within Wired Telephone Households, Percentage of Households by SES ... 45
Wired Telephone Households SES Breakdown, by Country (1998) ... 46

Other Telephone Equipment

Number of Latin American Households - Types of Telephone Equipment (1998) ... 47
Percentage of Latin American Households - Types of Telephone Equipment (1998) ... 47
Percentage of Telephone Households with Touchtone and Rotary Telephones (1994-1998) ... 48
Percentage of Latin American Households with Beepers (1995-1998) ... 49

Telephone Usage

Monthly Telephone Bills

Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill (1995-1998) ... 51
Sample Prices for Wired Telephone Service in US$ ... 53
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by Country (1998) ... 54
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by SES (1998) ... 55
Breakdown of Monthly Telephone Bill, by Country (1998) ... 56
Average Monthly Household Telephone Revenue (1995-1998) ... 56

Analysis by Types of Call

Average Monthly Telephone Bill, by Type of Service (1998) ... 57
Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by Type of Service (1998) ... 57

Local Telephone Service

Average Monthly Telephone Bill, Local Calls (1995-1998) ... 59
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by Country, Local Calls (1998) ... 60
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by SES, Local Calls (1998) ... 60
Breakdown of Average Monthly Telephone Bill, Local Calls (1994-1998) ... 60
Average Monthly Household Telephone Revenue, Local Calls (1995-1998) ... 61

Domestic Long Distance Service

Average Monthly Telephone Bill, Domestic Long Distance (1995-1998) ... 62
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by Country, Domestic Long Distance (1998) ... 63
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by SES, Domestic Long Distance (1998) ... 64
Breakdown of Average Monthly Telephone Bill, Domestic Long Distance (1995-1998)  ... 64
Average Monthly Household Telephone Revenue, Domestic Long Distance (1995-1998) ... 65

International Long Distance Service

Average Monthly Telephone Bill, International Long Distance (1995-1998) ... 66
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by Country, International Long Distance (1998) ...  67
Average Number of International Long Distance Telephone Calls per Month (1998) ... 67
Breakdown of Average Monthly Telephone Bill, International Long Distance (1994-1998)   ... 68
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by SES, International Long Distance (1998) ... 68
Average Number of International Telephone Calls, by Average ILD Bill (1998) ... 68
Average Monthly Household Telephone Revenue, International Long Distance (1995-1998) ... 69

Latin American Telephone Household Types

Latin American Telephone Household Types ... 70
Percentage of Telephone Household Types (1998) ... 71

Low Users' Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 73
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 73
Education – Head of Household ... 73
Occupation – Head of Household ... 74
Products Owned by Households with Telephone Service ... 74
Mean and Median Income, Low User Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 75
Annual Household Income ... 75
Socioeconomic Status ... 75

Local Users' Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 77
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 77
Education – Head of Household ... 77
Occupation – Head of Household ... 78
Products Owned by Households with Telephone Service ... 78
Mean and Median Income, Local User Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 79
Annual Household Income ... 79
Socioeconomic Status ... 79

Domestic Long Distance Users' Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 81
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 81
Education – Head of Household ... 81
Occupation – Head of Household ... 82
Products Owned by Households with Telephone Service ... 82
Mean and Median Domestic Long Distance Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 83
Annual Household Income ... 83
Socioeconomic Status ... 83

Domestic Users' Household Demographics

Sex/Age Head of Household ... 85
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 85
Education - Head of Household ... 85
Occupation – Head of Household ... 86
Products Owned by Households with Telephone Service ... 86
Mean and Median Income, Domestic User Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 87
Annual Household Income ... 87
Socioeconomic Status ... 87

High Users' Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 90
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 90
Education – Head of Household ... 91
Occupation – Head of Household ... 91
Products Owned by "High User" Households with Telephone Service ... 92
Mean and Median Income, High User Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 93
Annual Household Income ... 93
Socioeconomic Status ... 93

Reasons Why Household Lacks Wired Telephone Service

Reasons Household Lacks Wired Telephone Service (1998) ... 96
Reasons Household Lacks Wired Telephone Service, by Country (1998) ... 97
Within Non-Wired Telephone Households, Percentage by SES ... 98
Reason Household Lacks Wired Telephone Service, by SES (1998) ... 98
Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bills as a Percentage Of Average and Median of Monthly Income  (1998) ... 101
Average Median Annual Household Income of Households With No Wired Telephone Service (1998) ... 101

Wired vs. Cellular Telephone Service

Of Total Phone Households, Percentage of Cellular vs. Wired Telephone Households (1998) ... 102
Number of Latin American Households with Cellular vs. Wired Telephone Service (1998) ... 104
Percentage of Latin American Households with Cellular vs. Wired Telephone Service (1998) ... 104

Cellular Telephone Service

Number of Latin American Households with Cellular Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 107
Percentage of Latin American Households with Cellular Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 107
Number of Latin American Households with Cellular Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 108
Percentage of Latin American Households with Cellular Telephone Service (1994-1998) ... 108
Cellular Telephone Lines per 100 Latin Americans (1994-1998) ... 109
Cellular Telephone Lines per 100 Latin Americans (1994-1998) ... 109

Cellular Telephone Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 112
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 112
Education – Head of Household ... 113
Occupation – Head of Household ... 113
Products Owned by Households with Cellular Telephone Service ... 114
Mean and Median Annual Income, Cellular Telephone Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 115
Annual Household Income ... 116
1998 Cellular Telephone Households, by SES ... 116
1998 "Dual Telephone" Households, by SES ... 116
1998 "Cellular – Only" Households, by SES ... 116
Cellular Telephone Households SES Breakdown, by Country (1998) ... 117

Cellular Telephone Usage

Average and Median Monthly Telephone Bill, by SES (1998) ... 119
Breakdown of Average Monthly Telephone Bill, by SES (1998) ... 119

Households with Intent to Subscribe to Cellular Telephone Service

Households with Intent to Subscribe to a Cellular Telephone Service Within the Next 12 Months, by Country (1998) ... 120
Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 121
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 122
Education – Head of Household ... 122
Occupation – Head of Household ... 123
Products Owned by Household ... 123
Mean and Median Income, Household with Intent to Buy a Cellular Phone vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 124
Annual Household Income ... 125
Socioeconomic Status ... 125
Telephony Summary & Highlights ... 126

~~~~~~~~~~ Multichannel Television ~~~~~~~~~~

Television

Growth of TV Households in Latin America (1994-1998) ... 129
Percentage of Latin American Households with Television (1998) ... 130
Number of Latin American Households with Television (1998) ... 130

Broadcast and Multichannel Technologies

Broadcast Television ... 131
Wired Cable ... 132
Wireless Cable ... 135
Satellite Master Antenna Television ... 136
Direct to Home (DTH) Satellite Television ... 139

Multichannel Television Households

Number of Latin American Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 143
Percentage of Latin American Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 143
Percentage of Latin American Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 143
Number of Households with Different Types of Multichannel Services (1994-1998) ... 144
Percentage of Multichannel Households with Different Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 144
Percentage of Total Population with Multichannel Types (1994-1998) ... 145
Number of Latin American Households with Multichannel TV, by Country (1994-1998) ... 146
Percentage of Latin American Households with Multichannel TV, by Country (1994-1998) ... 146
Percentage of Latin American Households with Multichannel TV, by Country (1998) ... 147

Multichannel Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 148
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 148
Education – Head of Household ... 149
Occupation – Head of Household ... 149
Products Owned by Household ... 150

Multichannel Household Income and SES Level

Annual Household Income ... 151
Mean and Median Annual Household Income, Multichannel Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 151
Within Multichannel Households, Percentage of Households, by SES ... 152
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) ... 152
Within SES Category, Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 153
Index for Multichannel Households vs. Total Latin American Study Population (1994-1998) ... 153

Multichannel Costs

Average Bill of Multichannel Households (1994-1998) ... 154
Breakdown of Total Multichannel Bill in US$(1998) ... 155
Average Multichannel Bill, by Multichannel Type (1998) ... 155
Breakdown of Latin American Cable Bill in US$ (1998) ... 156
Breakdown of Latin American DTH Satellite Bill in US$ (1998) ... 157
Breakdown of Latin American SMATV Bill in US$ (1998) ... 158
Breakdown of Latin American MMDS Bill in US$ (1998) ... 159

Pan Regional DTH Satellite

Number of Subscribers to Pan Regional DTH Satellite Services (1998) ... 160
Number of Subscribers to Pan Regional DTH Satellite Services, by Country (1998) ... 161
Channel Lineup on DIRECTV Brasil ... 162
Channel Lineup on Sky Brasil ... 163
Distribution of SES Levels Among Pan-Regional DTH Subscribers (1998) ... 164

Multichannel Television by Country/Region

Argentina

Number of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 165
Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 165
Number of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 166
Percentage of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 166
Channel Lineup on Cablevision ... 167
Channel Lineup on Multicanal ... 168
Breakdown of Cable Bill ... 169
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) ... 169

Brazil

Number of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 170
Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 170
Number of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 171
Percentage of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 171
Channel Lineup on Net Brasil ... 172
Channel Lineup on TVA ... 173
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) ... 174
Breakdown of Total Multichannel Bill (1998) ... 174

Chile

Number of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 175
Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 175
Number of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 176
Percentage of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 176
Channel Lineup on Metropolis Intercom ... 177
Channel Lineup on VTR Cablexpress ... 178
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) ... 179
Breakdown of Cable Bill (1998) ... 179

Colombia

Number of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 180
Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 180
Number of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 180
Percentage of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 180
Channel Lineup on Cablevision ... 182
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) ... 183
Breakdown of Cable Bill (1998) ... 183
Breakdown of DTH Satellite Bill (1998) ... 183
Breakdown of SMATV Bill (1998) ... 183

Mexico

Number of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 184
Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 184
Number of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 185
Percentage of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 185
Channel Lineup on Cablevision ... 186
Channel Lineup on Multivision ... 187
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) ... 188
Breakdown of Cable Bill (1998) ... 188
Breakdown of MMDS Bill (1998) ... 188

Venezuela

Number of Households with Multichannel TV (1994 –1998) 189
Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) 189
Number of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) 189
Percentage of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) 189
Channel Lineup on Supercanal 190
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) 191
Breakdown of Cable Bill (1998) 191

Central America

Number of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) 192
Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) 192
Number of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) 193
Percentage of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) 193
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) 193
Breakdown of Total Multichannel Bill (1998) 193
Channel Lineup on Cable Tica (Costa Rica) 194
Channel Lineup on TeleCable Nacional (Dominican Republic) 195
Channel Lineup on Comtech (Guatemala) 196

Balance of South America

Number of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 197
Percentage of Households with Multichannel TV (1994-1998) ... 197
Number of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 198
Percentage of Types of Multichannel Services (1998) ... 198
Multichannel Household SES Breakdown (1998) ... 198
Channel Lineup on Cable Mágico (Peru) ... 199
Channel Lineup on TVC (Uruguay) ... 200
Channel Lineup on Cable Plus (Uruguay) ... 200
Channel Lineup on TV Cable/Aéreo Cable (Ecuador) ... 201
Breakdown of Cable Bill (1998) ... 202

How Consumers Use Multichannel Television

Reasons for Multichannel Television (1998) ... 203
Reasons for Multichannel Television, by Country (1998) ... 204

What People Watch on Multichannel Television

Average Time Spent Viewing Television Daily, by Multichannel Type (1998) ... 206
Average Time Spent Viewing Types of DTH Satellite Daily (1998) ... 207
Average Time Spent Viewing Television Daily, by Country (1998) ... 208
Multichannel Households Percentage of Daily Hours Spent Watching Types of Channels (1998) ... 210
Percentage of Daily Hours Spent Watching Types of Channels, by Country (1998) ... 211
Percentage of Daily Hours Spent Watching Types of Channels, by SES Level (1998) ... 211
Percentage of Daily Hours Spent Watching Types of Channels, by Sex of Respondent (1998) ... 211
Percentage of Daily Hours Spent Watching Types of Channels, by Age of Respondent (1998) ... 212

Pay-Per-View Television

Number of Multichannel Households that Ordered PPV in Last 12 Months (1995-1998) ... 213
Percentage of Multichannel Households that Ordered PPV in Last 12 Months (1995-1998) ... 213
Pay-Per-View Households, by Country (1998) ... 214
Types of Pay-Per-View Programs Ordered (1998) ... 215
Types of Pay-Per-View Programs Ordered, by Country (1998) ... 215
Amount Spent Per Pay-Per-View Event (1998) ... 216

Customer Retention & Acquisition

Estimated Number of Disconnects Among Multichannel Television Households in Six Months, by Country (1998) ... 217
Reasons for Not Having Multichannel Television (1998) ... 218
Reasons for Not Having Multichannel Television, by Country (1998) ... 220
Non-Multichannel Persons’ Preferences for Channel Types (1998) ... 221
Non-Multichannel Households, Estimated Multichannel Status in Six Months, by Number (1998) ... 222
Non-Multichannel Households Estimated Multichannel Status in Six Months, by Percentage (1998) ... 222

Multichannel Television Summary & Highlights ... 223

~~~~~~~~~~ Computer and Internet ~~~~~~~~~~

Introduction ... 227

Computer

Total Latin American Computer Access

Number of Latin Americans with Access to a Personal Computer at Home or at Work/School (1994-1998) ... 231
Percentage of Latin Americans with Access to a Personal Computer at Home or at Work/School (1994-1998) ... 231
Number of Latin Americans with Access to a Personal Computer (1994-1998) ... 232
Percentage of Latin Americans with Access to a Personal Computer, by Country (1998) ... 232

Computer Access Locations

Where Latin Americans Access Computers (1998) ... 233
Where Latin Americans Access Computers, by Number (1998) ... 234
Where Latin Americans Access Computers, by Percentage (1998) ... 234

Household Ownership and Access

Number of Latin American Households That Own a Personal Computer (1994-1998) ... 235
Percentage of Latin American Households That Own a Personal Computer (1994-1998) ... 235
Number of Latin American Households that Own a Personal Computer (1994-1998) ... 236
Percentage of Latin American Households that Own a Personal Computer (1994-1998) ... 236
Percentage of Latin American Households that Own a Personal Computer, by Country (1998) ... 236

Computer Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 238
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 238
Education – Head of Household ... 239
Occupation – Head of Household ... 239
Products Owned by Household ... 240
Mean and Median Annual Household Income, Computer Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 241
Annual Household Income ... 242
Index for Computer Households vs. Total Latin American Study Population (1994-1998) ... 242
Within Total Computer Households, Percentage of Households by SES ... 243
Within Total Computer Households, Percentage of Households by SES (1994-1998) ... 243
Within SES Category, Percentage of Households that Own a Computer (1994-1998) ... 244
Computer Household SES Breakdown, by Country (1998) ... 244

Computer Access at Work/School

Number of Latin Americans Who Use a Computer at Work/School (1994-1998) ... 245
Percentage of Latin Americans Who Use a Computer at Work/School (1994-1998) ... 245
Percentage of Latin Americans Who Use a Computer at Work/School, by Country (1998) ... 246

Demographics of Work/School Computer Users

Sex/Age – Work/School Computer User ... 248
Marital Status – Work/School Computer User ... 248
Work/School Computer User’s Household Location, Size and Presence of Children ... 249
Education – Work/School Computer User ... 249
Occupation – Work/School Computer User ... 250
Knowledge of English – Work/School Computer User ... 250
Annual Household Income – Work/School Computer User ... 251
Socioeconomic Status – Work/School Computer User ... 251

Latin American Kids’ Computer Access

Number of Latin American Kids Who Use a Computer, by Country (1998) ... 252
Where Kids Use Computers (1998) ... 252
Percentage of Latin American Kids Who Use a Computer, by Country (1998) ... 253
Where Kids Use Computers, by Country (1998) ... 253

Frequency of Computer Usage

Total Usage

Average Time Spent Last Week on a Computer at Any Location, by Country (1998) ... 255
Breakdown of Average Time Spent Last Week on a Computer at Any Location (1998) ... 255

Home Usage

Average Time Spent Last Week on Home Computer, by Country (1998) ... 256
Breakdown of Average Time Spent Last Week on Home Computer (1998) ... 257
Average Time Spent on Home Computer Last Week, by Country (1998) ... 257
Average Time Spent on Home Computer Last Week, by Sex/Age (1998) ... 258

Work/School Usage

Average Time Spent Last Week on Work/School Computer, by Country (1998) ... 259
Breakdown of Average Time Spent Last Week on Work/School Computer (1998) ... 260
Comparison of Average Time Spent on Work/School vs. Home Computer (1998) ... 261

Kids Computer Usage

Frequency of Kids’ Computer Usage (1998) ... 262
Frequency of Kids’ Computer Usage, by Country (1998) ... 262

Computer Software and Activities

Software on Home vs. Work/School Computers (1998) ... 263
Kids’ Computer Activities (1998) ... 264

Computer Hardware and Peripherals

Operating Systems

Household Computer Operating Systems (1998) ... 265
Work/School Computer Operating Systems (1998) ... 265
Household Computer Operating Systems, by Country (1998) ... 266
Work/School Computer Operating Systems, by Country (1998) ... 266

Type of Computer

Desktop vs. Laptop Computers (1998) ... 267

Computer Peripherals

Computer Peripherals (1998) ... 268

Printers

Types of Computer Printers (1998) ... 269
Types of Computer Printers (1998) ... 269

Internet

Definition of "Internet User" ... 271

Total Latin American Access

Number of Latin Americans with Internet Access (1995-1998) ... 273
Percentage of Latin Americans with Internet Access (1995-1998) ... 273
Percentage of Latin Americans with Internet Access (1995-1998) ... 274
Percentage of Latin Americans with Internet Access, by Country (1998) ... 274

Internet Access Locations

Where Latin Americans Have Internet Access (1998) ... 275
Where Latin Americans Have Internet Access, by Country, Number (1998) ... 276
Where Latin Americans Have Internet Access, by Country, Percentage (1998) ... 276

Recent Internet Access

Of Latin Americans with Internet Access at Some Location, Percentage Who Accessed the Internet in the Last Three Months (1998) ... 77
Number of Latin Americans Who Accessed the Internet in the Last Three Months, by Country (1998) ... 278
Percentage of Latin Americans Who Accessed the Internet in the Last Three Months, by Country (1998) ... 278
Percentage of Total Study Population Who Accessed the Internet in the Last Three Months (1995-1998) ... 279
Where Latin Americans Accessed the Internet in the Last Three Months (1998) ... 279
Where Latin Americans Accessed the Internet in the Last Three Months, by Country (1998) ... 280

Household Internet Access

Sample Prices for Latin American Internet Access ... 281
Number of Latin American Households with Internet Access (1995-1998) ... 282
Percentage of Latin American Households with Internet Access (1995-1998) ... 282
Number of Latin American Households with Internet Access (1995-1998) ... 283
Percentage of Latin American Households with Internet Access, by Country (1998) ... 283
Percentage of Latin American Households with Internet Access, Where Household Owns a Computer and Has Wired Phone Service (1998) ... 284

Internet Household Demographics

Sex/Age – Head of Household ... 286
Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 286
Education – Head of Household ... 287
Occupation – Head of Household ... 287
Products Owned by Internet ... 288
Mean and Median Income, Internet Households vs. Total Study Population (1998) ... 289
Annual Household Income ... 289
Within Total Internet Households, Percentage of Households in SES Category (1995-1998) ... 290
Within SES Category, Percentage of Latin American Households with Internet Access (1995-1998) ... 290
Internet Household SES Breakdowns, by County (1998) ... 291

Home Internet Users

Number of Internet Users per Household (1998) ... 292
Among Latin Americans with Internet Access at Home, Percentage Who Accessed the Internet There in the Last Three Months, by Country (1998) ... 293

Demographics of Home Internet Users

Sex/Age – Home Internet User ... 294
Marital Status – Home Internet User ... 295
Home Internet User’s Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 295
Education – Home Internet User ... 296
Occupation – Home Internet User ... 296
Knowledge of English – Home Internet User ... 297
Annual Household Income – Home Internet User ... 297
Socioeconomic Status – Home Internet User ... 297

Work/School Internet Access

Number of Latin Americans with Internet Access at Work/School (1995-1998) ... 298
Percentage of Latin Americans with Internet Access at Work/School (1995-1998) ... 298
Number of Latin Americans with Internet Access at Work/School (1995-1998) ... 299
Percentage of Latin Americans with Internet Access at Work/School, by Country (1998) ... 299
Of Latin Americans with Internet Access at Work/School, Percentage Who Accessed the Internet There in the Last Three Months (1998) ... 300

Demographics of Work/School Internet Users

Sex/Age – Work/School Internet User ... 302
Marital Status – Work/School Internet User ... 302
Work/School Internet Users’ Household Location, Size, and Presence of Children ... 303
Education – Work/School Internet User ... 303
Occupation – Work/School Internet User ... 304
Knowledge of English – Work/School Internet User ... 304
Annual Income – Work/School Internet User ... 305
Socioeconomic Status – Work/School Internet User ... 305

Kids’ Internet Access

Number of Latin American Kids with Internet Access, by Country (1998) ... 306
Percentage of Latin American Kids with Internet Access, by Country (1998) ... 306
Where Kids Access the Internet (1998) ... 307

Frequency of Internet Access

Total Usage

Frequency of Internet Access, All Latin American Users (1998) ... 309
Frequency of Internet Access, All Latin American Users, by Country (1998) ... 309
Average Time Spent on the Internet at Home or Work/School, by Country (1998) ... 311
Breakdown of Average Time Spent on the Internet at Home or Work/School (1998) ... 311
Average Time Spent Last Week on Internet at Home or Work/School (1996-1998) ... 312

Home Usage

Frequency of Internet Access, Where User Has Access Only at Home (1998) ... 313
Breakdown of Average Time Spent Last Week on Internet at Home (1998) ... 314
Average Time Spent Last Week on Internet at Home (1996 –1998) ... 315
Average Time Spent Last Week on the Internet at Home, by Sex/Age (1998) ... 315

Work/School Usage

Frequency of Internet Access, Where User Has Access Only at Work/School (1998) ... 316
Breakdown of Average Time Spent Last Week on Internet at Work/School ... 317
Breakdown of Average Time Spent Last Week on Internet at Work/School (1996-1998) ... 317
Average Time Spent Last Week on the Internet at Work/School, by Sex/Age (1998) ... 318

Home and Work/School Usage

Frequency of Internet Access, Where User Has Access Both at Home and at Work/School (1998) ... 319
Comparison of Average Time Spent on Internet at Home vs. at Work/School (1998) ... 320

Usage in a Location "Other" than at Home, Work, or School

Frequency of Internet Access, Where User Has Access at a Location "Other" Than Home or Work/School (1998) ... 321

Kids’ Internet Usage

Kids Frequency of Internet Usage (1998) ... 322

Internet Activities

Adult Study

Online Activities of Latin American Internet Users (1998) ... 323
Online Activities of Internet Users, Home vs. Work/School Users (1998) ... 324

Kids Study

Kids’ Internet Activities (1998) ... 325

Computer and Internet Summary & Highlights 326

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Synthesis & Discussion ... 329

Percentage of Households with Telecommunications Technologies (1998) ... 332
Households with Telephone, Multichannel, and Internet SES Breakdowns (1998) ... 332

Glossary ... 335

Appendix A – Los Medios y Mercados de Latinoamérica: History, Sampling and Methodology ... 339
Appendix B – Definition of Socioeconomic Level ... 345
Appendix C – Acknowledgements ... 349

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